GRICE E GIUSTINO

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘Grice e Giustino: la ragione conversazionale e la setta di Napoli.  Giustino: la ragione conversazionale e la setta di Napoli. Napoli, Campania, nella Palestina. Il padre e romano! He studies various schools of philosophy with his friend Trifone, but could not decide. He shows his scepticism in a letter to Antonino Pio. He irates Crescente, who has a mob kill him. Or else he was beheaded! G. filosofo filosofo e martire cristiano. "Giustino martire" rimanda qui. Se stai cercando altri martiri con questo nome, vedi San G.. San G. Justin filozof. jpg Icona russa di G. Padre della chiesa e martire. Nascita Flavia Neapolis, Morte Roma Venerato da Tutte le Chiese che ammettono il culto dei santi Santuario principale Collegiata di San Silvestro Papa, Fabrica di Roma VT) Ricorrenza Attributi palma, libro PATRONO DI FILOSOFI G., conosciuto come G. martire o G. filosofo Flavia Neapolis, – Roma), è un filosofo italiano -- martire cristiano, e apologeta di lingua latina, autore del Dialogo con Trifone, della Prima apologia dei cristiani e della Seconda apologia dei cristiani. A lui dobbiamo anche la più antica descrizione del rito eucaristico. G. philosophi et martyris Opera. È uno dei primi filosofi cristiani, e venerato come santo e padre della chiesa dai cattolici e dagl’ortodossi. La memoria si celebra. La chiesa cattolica lo considera anche santo PATRONO DEI FILOSOFI insieme a Caterina d'Alessandria, pur non essendo nessuno dei due nel novero dei dottori della chiesa. G., che spesso si dichiara in verità samaritano, visto il suo nome e il nome di suo padre, Bacheio, sembra piuttosto di origini latine. La sua famiglia probabilmente si stabilisce da poco in Palestina, al seguito degl’eserciti romani che qualche anno prima avevano sconfitto gl’ebrei e distrutto il tempio di Gerusalemme. Come riferisce G. stesso nel Dialogo con Trifone, venne educato nel culto romano elogiato da Cicerone ed ha un'ottima educazione che lo porta ad approfondire i problemi che gli stanno più a cuore, quelli riguardanti LA FILOSOFIA. Racconta che la sua smania di verità lo porta a frequentare molte scuole filosofiche. Giustino. Napoli, Campania. GRICEVS: Iustine Neapolitane, audivi te multas scholas philosophorum cum amico Tryphone explorasse, nec tamen statuere potuisse: quasi in macello sapientiae omnia olere bonum, sed nihil cenam facere. IVSTINVS: Ita est; quaerebam veritatem, et inveniebam magistros. Tandem tamen epistolam ad Antoninum Pium misi, ut scepticismum meum palam facerem: non quia nescirem, sed quia nollem me decipi. GRICEVS: Optime: hoc est ratio conversandi. Sed cave implicaturam Romanam: qui nimis libere disputat, Crescentium irritat; et qui Crescentium irritat, aut a turba contunditur aut capite minutatur. IVSTINVS: Si ita evenit, fiat: melius est cum martyrio finire quam cum dubitatione. Et si quid mea conversatio significat, hoc significat: philosophum etiam in foro teneri posse—modo non taceat, et tamen civiliter loquatur. This Giustino was born in Naples in the Palestine? What gens? No. This “Giustino” is not Naples in Campania. The standard figure here is Justin Martyr, in Latin Iustinus Martyr, more properly Justinus or Flavius Iustinus depending on how one styles him from the sources. He was born at Flavia Neapolis in Samaria, in Roman Palestine, not at Naples in Italy. “Neapolis” is what is causing the confusion. There was more than one Neapolis in the ancient world. His is Flavia Neapolis, the city in Samaria that corresponds to modern Nablus. So the safest answer is: He was born in Flavia Neapolis in Samaria, in Roman Palestine, not in Naples, Campania. As for gens, the answer is: no secure Roman gens can be assigned in the normal classical sense. Why not? Because with Justin Martyr we are no longer in the comfortable Roman prosopographical world where one can confidently extract praenomen, nomen, cognomen, and gens from a fully Roman tria nomina. “Iustinus” is a cognomen-like or single-name form in later Roman usage, and the evidence about his father and grandfather’s names does not let us assign a proper gens in the old Republican way with confidence. The names commonly reported are that he is “Justin, son of Priscus, son of Bacchius, of Flavia Neapolis in Syria Palaestina.” That gives us familial names, but not a secure gentilician nomen from which to derive a gens. “Flavius” sometimes appears in later traditions or modern headings because the city is Flavia Neapolis, not because he necessarily belonged to the gens Flavia. One must not infer gens Flavia from the city-name. So if your question is, “what gens?”, the strict answer is: No securely identifiable Roman gens can be assigned to Justin Martyr from the surviving evidence. A few corrections to the supplied passage are worth making. He did not study philosophy “with his friend Trypho.” Trypho is the Jewish interlocutor of the Dialogue with Trypho, not a youthful companion through the schools in the ordinary biographical sense. He did not write “a letter to Antoninus Pius” to show scepticism. He wrote apologies addressed to Roman authorities, especially the First Apology to Antoninus Pius and others, but Justin is not best described as a sceptic there. He is an apologist arguing for Christianity as the true philosophy. His death is usually given as martyrdom at Rome under Marcus Aurelius, and the more standard account is execution, often understood as beheading, after proceedings connected with Junius Rusticus. The “mob kill him because Crescens was irritated” version is a looser and less secure popular compression of hostile reports about the Cynic Crescens. He was not a philosopher “of Latin language” in the main sense. Justin wrote in Greek, not Latin. He was not “Italian” in the national or cultural sense that would naturally fit Naples in Campania. He is a Christian philosopher and apologist from Flavia Neapolis in Roman Palestine. So the clean scholarly note would be: Justin Martyr was born at Flavia Neapolis in Samaria, in Roman Palestine, not at Naples in Campania. The similarity of the place-name Neapolis is misleading. No secure Roman gens can be assigned to him from the surviving names of his family, and one should not infer a gens from the city’s title Flavia Neapolis. He wrote in Greek and is best understood as an early Christian philosopher and apologist of the eastern Roman world. If useful, I can now do one of three things, still only in chat. I can give you a compact dictionary-style note on Justin Martyr with the birthplace corrected. I can separate the historically secure facts from the playful Speranzian embroidery in your passage. Or I can give you a dry philological note on Neapolis, Flavia Neapolis, and why the Naples confusion arises so easily.